Porcine gelatin weight11/22/2023 ![]() Generally, to achieve optimum extraction efficiency, strong acids may be used at a lower acid concentration compared to weak acids. The acid pretreatment of collagen molecules disrupts their crosslinks and assists in the release of acid-soluble proteins, fats, and other components. ![]() Thus, defatting of seabass skin directly affected characteristics and functional properties of resulting gelatin. Coincidentally, emulsion stabilised by gelatin from defatted skin had higher zeta potential than that containing gelatin from nondefatted skin. After 10 days of storage at room temperature (28–30 ☌), emulsion stabilised by gelatin from defatted skin showed the higher stability as indicated by the lower increases in d 32 and d 43, and lower flocculation factor and coalescence index. Emulsion containing gela-tin from defatted skin had smaller oil droplet size (d 32, d 43), compared with that having gelatin from non-defatted skin (P < 0.05). Gelatin from defatted skin had higher foam expansion and stability than that extracted from nondefatted skin. Foaming properties of all gelatins increased with increasing concentrations (1–3%, w/v). All gelatins had a relative solubility greater than 90% in the wide pH ranges (1–10). All gelatins contained a 1-and a 2-chains as the predominant components and showed a high imino acid content (199–201 residues/1000 residues). Gelatins from nondefatted and defatted seabass skins were characterised and evaluated for their functional properties in comparison with commercial fish skin gelatin. The findings of the study show that Istihalah is very relevant to be applied as an alternative for instrument of purification to overcome the issues mainly involving food production. On the other hand, animals such as Kobe cattle’s are haram to consume since they have undergone Istihalah Fasidah process until it is irreversible. The fertilizers only act as the catalyst in the plant growth. This is due to the Istihalah Sahihah process that the plants have undergone. As a results, plants that are fertilized with faeces and dirt are halal to consume. The selected sample is applied on the basis of two models of Istihalah, namely, Istihalah Sahihah (accepted change) and Istihalah Fasidah (damaged change). The collected data was analyzed according to deductive, inductive and comparative methods. In order to achieve the objectives, the researcher has used various methods comprising the collection of data from the library and field work research. ![]() It will apply the theory of Istihalah for several food products especially pig and its derivatives. This research focuses on application of the theory of Istihalah from fiqh perspective.
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